A REVIEW ARTICLE ON PRAMEYA(OBJECT OF RIGHT KNOWLEDGE) IN NYAYA DARSHANA AND CHARAK SAMHITA

Abstract

There are sixteen substances (Padartha) mentioned in Nyaya Shastra. Among these substances, Pramana has been described as the first substance and Prameya as the second substance. All the other substances that have been described are used only as aids to these two. By attaining the real knowledge of 12 types of Prameya like Sharir (body), Atma (soul) etc, a Pramata Purush can accept the things worth taking and can leave things discarding. Many subjects have been described in Nyaya Shastra. For this information, Samsaya (doubts) etc. have been described separately for confirmation of the subject in all respects. In all these, Pramana is primary andPrameya is secondary to being proved through Pramana. If there is no Prameya then there is no need for Pramana and if there is no Pramana then the Prameya will not be proved. This is the reason that in Nyaya Shastra, Pramana and Prameya are considered special as compared to other substances. Even in Charak Samhita, the Pramana for proving the Prameya has been described and the uniqueness of the Prameya is proved by the fact that the Prameya has shown the path to Chikitsha Shastra. It is extremely interesting to see that instead of adopting the Prameya as it is, Acharya Charak understood them with his own philosophical understanding and adapted them to serve both the main purposes of Ayurveda and to incorporate the understanding of students with less intelligence. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the Prameya mentioned in Nyaya Shastra and how they have been mentioned in Charak Samhita.