EFFECTIVENESS OF VAMANAKARMA (THERAPEUTIC EMESIS) IN MUKHADŪṢIKĀ (ACNE VULGARIS) – A PRE TEST POST TEST DESIGN

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disorders of the pilosebaceous unit, affecting individuals worldwide, particularly during adolescence and early adulthood. It is characterized by the development of non-inflammatory lesions such as open and closed comedones, as well as inflammatory lesions including papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. The condition primarily involves sebaceous gland rich areas of the body, such as the face, chest, shoulders, and upper back. Although it is not a life-threatening condition, it can result in permanent scarring, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and considerable psychological distress, including reduced self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, thereby significantly impairing quality of life. Due to its high prevalence, multifactorial etiology, and psychosocial impact, acne vulgaris remains a major public health concern. Conventional management strategies for acne vulgaris primarily provide symptomatic relief and are often associated with disease recurrence following discontinuation of treatment. In Ayurveda, acne vulgaris is correlated with Mukhadūṣikā, for which Vamana Karma is considered the principal line of treatment, aiming to eliminate the vitiated doṣa and address the underlying pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, single arm, pretest–posttest interventional study enrolled 10 participants with a Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score of ≥19. The treatment protocol comprised Sadya Snehapāna with cow’s ghee (50 ml daily) administered along with broken rice gruel for 3 days, followed by Abhyanga, Uṣhma Sweda, and Utkleśa Āhāra for one day. Vamana Karma was then performed using Madanapippalī Cūrṇa, Vacā Cūrṇa, Yaṣṭimadhu Cūrṇa, Saindhava, and honey. Clinical severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System, while the impact on quality of life was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire on 0^th and 12^th day, no follow-up period was included. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test. RESULTS: The intervention produced a statistically significant reduction in the GAGS score (p < 0.05), indicating its clinical effectiveness in reducing the severity of acne vulgaris. A statistically significant improvement in patients' quality of life was also observed, as evidenced by a reduction in the DLQI score (p < 0.05).DISCUSSION: Mukhadūṣikā is predominantly a Kapha dominant disorder with the involvement of Vāta and Rakta.Vamana Karma, being the most effective therapy for the elimination of Kapha Doṣa, helps in breaking this Samprāpti by expelling aggravated Kapha along with associated Vāta and partially vitiated Rakta, considering the Āśraya Āśrayī relationship between Rakta and Pitta. CONCLUSION: The findings of this prospective, single arm, pretest–posttest interventional study indicate that Vamana Karma has the potential to reduce the severity of Mukhadūṣikā (acne vulgaris) and improve clinical outcomes.