International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research

PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF LYOPHILIZED JUICE OF DURVA (CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS.) AS A STABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR SWARASA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH CHURNA

2026-02-17T17:23:40+0530

Aim: Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is a creeping grass considered auspicious in rituals, is listed among the Varnyadashemani in the Charaka Samhita and also included in Dasapushpam. The study aims to evaluate the impact of lyophilization on the phytochemical composition and chemical complexity of Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) by comparing lyophilized form with churna (whole-plant powder). Materials & Methods: Fresh Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) plants were collected, thoroughly washed, and used to prepare swarasa, which was then subjected to lyophilization. Whole-plant powder was prepared by shade-drying and pulverization. Physicochemical parameters, extractive values, and qualitative phytochemical screening of lyophilized form of Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and churna (whole-plant powder) were conducted. Chromatographic fingerprinting was performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC).Results: Lyophilized form demonstrated higher total ash and loss on drying, higher alcohol- and water-soluble extractive values, and enhanced detectability of phytochemicals compared to whole-plant powder. TLC and HPTLC profiling revealed sharper, more intense bands and a broader metabolite range in the lyophilized form, indicating superior retention of bioactive compounds.Conclusion: Lyophilization effectively preserves the phytochemical integrity and enhances the chemical complexity of Durva (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., producing a stable, potent, and standardized extract suitable for pharmacological studies and therapeutic applications.

CLINICAL TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF HARIDRADI ASHCYOTANA (SRI LANKAN TRADITIONAL HERBAL EYE DROP) IN THE MANAGEMENT ABHISHYANDA W.S.R. BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

2026-03-04T21:19:40+0530

Abhishyanda is considered as a Sankramika vyadhi (contagious disease) with general features as Netra srava (lacrimation), Samrambha (swelling), Raktata (redness) and Kandu (itching). Bacterial conjunctivitis accounts for over 60% of all conjunctivitis cases with general features as redness, grittiness, burning and eye discharges. Present clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Haridradi Ashcyotana (HA): a Sri Lankan Traditional herbal eye drops in the management of Abhishyanda w.s.r. to Bacterial conjunctivitis. HA was prepared as per the standards mentioned in Ayurveda Pharmacopeia, Sri Lanka. Authentication and deposition of voucher samples of plant specimens were conducted while standardized HA for the safety and acceptability. Clinical trial was conducted after Institutional Ethics committee approval, in the Shalakya clinic, OPD of Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Consecutive convenience sampling method was applied to register 20 patients of either gender, age between 10 – 70 years with clinical features of Abhishyanda w.s.r. to Bacterial conjunctivitis. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16.0. Enrolled patients were subjected to conjunctival smear swab culture which proved the antibacterial property of HA against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. HA revealed highly significant ‘p’ values (p < 0.001) with 100% remission of all inflammatory features of the eye/s while total mean days for complete remission was 4.45. Drug related adverse effects were not observed and tolerability was good. Thus, can be concluded as Haridradi Ashcyotana is a safe, tolerable, quick action and effective herbal ophthalmic preparation for the management of Abhishyanda w.s.r. to Bacterial conjunctivitis.

EFFECT OF UTSĀDANA (WET POWDER MASSAGE) IN DIABETIC DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY (DSPN)-A PRE TEST POST TEST DESIGN

2026-03-08T14:04:04+0530

Introduction: Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, often leading to serious outcomes such as diabetic foot ulcers. The condition develops gradually and typically begins in the distal parts of the lower limbs, creating "stocking and glove" pattern of sensory impairment. Conventional management strategies offer limited symptomatic relief and are frequently associated with adverse effects. In Ayurvedic literature, while DSPN is not directly referenced, it is understood under the broader context of Prameha Upadrava (complications of diabetes). The clinical progression typically involves an initial predominance of Kapha dosha (numbness or supthi), followed by Pitta dosha (burning sensation), and ultimately Vata dosha (pain, tingling, degeneration). Materials and Methods: This prospective single-arm pretest–post-test interventional study with follow-up included 10 patients exhibiting symptoms such as numbness, burning sensation, and aching pain. All patients tested positive on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) confirming the diagnosis as DSPN. The intervention included an external Ayurvedic therapy, Utsādana (Wet powder massage), using Lakṣādi Cūrṇa,elādi Cūrṇa mixed with Ghṛita and Tila taila, massaged daily 45 minutes for 14 days. Results: The treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score (NTS-6) with a p-value < 0.05, indicating clinically significant in reducing the Neuropathy Total Symptom Score (NTS-6) Discussion: Diabetic neuropathy is often considered a Kapha–Pitta or Kapha–Vāta predominant condition, where Kapha causes āvaraṇa of Vāta. Utsādana, due to its Snigdha rūkṣa and Kapha-hara properties, helps remove this obstruction and alleviates the symptoms. Conclusion: This prospective single-arm pretest–post-test interventional study highlights the potential role of Ayurvedic external therapies as supportive treatments in the management of DSPN.

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MULTIPLE PUTAKA (REPEATED ADMINISTRATION) MĀDHUTAILIKA VASTI IN ĀTURA-HASTA PRAMĀṆA (PATIENT-SPECIFIC HAND MEASUREMENT) IN KAT’EEGRAHA (LOW BACK PAIN)

2026-03-09T19:23:06+0530

Introduction: Kat’eegraha, described as a manifestation of Pakvāśayagata Vāta under Vātavyādhi, represents a common and functionally disabling condition comparable to low back pain. Vasti Karma is considered the principal therapeutic modality for Vāta disorders owing to its systemic and regulatory actions. Mādhutailika Vasti, a type of Yāpana Vasti (sustaining or rejuvenative enema), is traditionally administered in Āturahastapramāṇa (individualised patient-specific dose). Classical references also advocate multiple Putaka administrations until the attainment of Samyak NiruhaLakṣaṇa (proper signs of therapeutic purification) to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes; however, this practice is less commonly implemented in contemporary settings. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of multiple Putaka administrations of Mādhutailika Vasti in reducing the signs and symptoms of Kat’eegraha and in attaining Samyak Niruha Lakṣaṇa.

Materials and Methods: This study presents a subgroup analysis of 16 participants aged 20–60 years who were diagnosed with Kat’eegraha and required multiple putaka administrations during the Yoga vasti period. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IRB No: IRB/CL/20/23; dated 10-10-2023). Eligible patients received Yoga Vasti on alternate days for 8 days as per institutional protocol. Pain intensity, tenderness, and functional disability were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline (Day 0) and on Day 9 (the day following completion of therapy) and the Event evaluation scale were assessed after each putaka in each Niruha. Data were analyzed using SPSS 2016.Results: Significant improvement was observed in all primary outcomes (n = 16), with pain intensity, tenderness, and ODI scores showing highly significant reductions (p < 0.001). Five of seven Samyak NiruhaLakṣaṇa parameters also improved significantly (p < 0.05) across successive Niruha stages following multiple Putaka administration of Mādhutailika Vasti. Discussion: The clinical improvement may be attributed to the Vātānulomana (normalization of Apāna Vāta) and Vāta–Kapha hara (pacification of Vāta and Kapha) actions of Mādhutailika Vasti, with progressive attainment of Samyak NiruhaLakṣaṇa, indicating a cumulative therapeutic effect in Kat’eegraha.Conclusion: Multiple Putaka administration of Mādhutailika Vasti in Ātura-hasta Pramāṇa significantly reduced pain and disability in Kat’eegraha and promoted attainment of Samyak Niruha Lakṣaṇa. No adverse events were observed during the intervention period, indicating that the procedure is safe and clinically beneficial in low back pain.

EFFICACY OF JĀNUDHĀRA (MEDICATED OIL POURING OVER THE KNEE) WITH MAHABALA TAILA IN COMPARISON TO KETAKYĀDI TAILA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2026-03-03T18:23:00+0530

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common degenerative joint disorder and a major cause of pain and disability, especially among the elderly. In Ayurveda, the condition closely resembles Sandhigata Vāta (degenerative joint disorder). Jānudhāra (continuous pouring of lukewarm medicated oil over the knee joint) is categorized under Snehayukta Svedana (unctuous fomentation therapy) due to its combined oleation and sudation effects. Previous studies on Ketakyādi Taila had established its effectiveness in osteoarthritis management. Mahābala Taila is commonly employed for osteoarthritis of the knee, though systematic research data regarding its clinical efficacy are limited. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Jānudhāra using Mahābala Taila and Ketakyādi Taila in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee and to determine any significant difference in symptom relief and joint mobility. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 24 patients diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups. The trial group received Jānudhāra with Mahābala Taila, while the control group received Jānudhāra with Ketakyādi Taila, once daily for seven consecutive days. Assessment was carried out using the WOMAC score and range of motion measured by goniometry at baseline, Day 8, and Day 15. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in WOMAC total scores and knee joint range of motion. Intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. No adverse drug reactions were reported during the treatment or follow-up period. Discussion: Comparable outcomes observed in both groups suggest that the therapeutic benefit may be largely attributed to the combined oleation and sudation effects of Jānudhāra rather than the specific oil used. Both formulations reduce pain and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis through similar mechanisms of action. Conclusion: Jānudhāra with Mahābala Taila is equally effective as Ketakyādi Taila in reducing pain, stiffness, and functional disability in knee osteoarthritis.

SADVRITTA AND SOCIOLOGY: AN AYURVEDIC FRAMEWORK FOR ETHICAL LIVING IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL THEORY

2026-01-19T22:03:28+0530

Modern societies are facing rising fragmentation and a decline in ethical values. Classical and contemporary sociological theories such as Durkheim’s social facts, Weber’s rationalization, Marx’s alienation, Bourdieu’s habitus, Foucault’s discipline, and Putnam’s social capital provide powerful explanations of social order and change, yet they rarely articulate proactive and systematic frameworks for individual ethical conduct .Ayurveda, through its principle of Sadvritta (righteous living), offers a holistic model that integrates personal behavior with community well-being. This study uses hermeneutic analysis of classical Ayurvedic texts, alongside comparative review of sociological theories, to examine the relevance of Sadvritta as a socio-ethical framework. By situating Sadvritta within the discourse of social practice, the paper highlights its potential to bridge gaps between individual responsibility and collective harmony. Implications for social policy, mental health, and sustainable living are discussed, positioning Sadvritta as a valuable resource for sociological thought and application.

EXPLORING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NIMBADI GUGGULU: FROM ANCIENT TEXTS TO CLINICAL STUDIES

2026-02-13T17:31:02+0530

Background: Ayurveda represents a well-established traditional medical system with a rich scientific foundation rooted in ancient Indian knowledge. Guggulu Kalpana is a prominent Ayurvedic formulation widely used in managing various disorders, particularly those involving Vata and Kapha doshas. Among these, Nimbadi Guggulu-comprising Nimba, Vasa, Patola, Triphala and Guggulu is classically indicated for Vata-Kaphaja Shiroroga. Despite its therapeutic relevance, Nimbadi Guggulu remains a less-explored formulation with limited consolidated literature. Aim: This review aims to compile, analyze and systematically present classical and contemporary information on Nimbadi Guggulu, highlighting its historical references, formulation method, pharmacological basis and therapeutic applications. Material and Methods: This review draws from classical Ayurvedic texts and databases for an evidence-based overview of Nimbadi Guggulu’s formulation and properties. It analyses ingredients Rasapanchaka, traditional uses, and modern research for therapeutic insights. Results: Classical exploration revealed references to Nimbadi Guggulu in only three authoritative texts—Brihat Nighantu Ratnakar, Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar and Basavarajeeyam- describing it for Vata-Kaphaja Shiroroga, with a decoction-based preparation incorporating Shuddha Guggulu. Modern literature, including clinical and case-based studies, indicates its efficacy in conditions such as Ardhavabhedaka (migraine), Kaphaja Shiroroga (sinusitis), skin disorders like Vipadika and Padadari, and select inflammatory conditions. The pharmacodynamic attributes of its ingredients—anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory—support its classical indications. Conclusion: Nimbadi Guggulu is a therapeutically significant yet under-documented Ayurvedic formulation, particularly useful in Vata-Kaphaja disorders. This review provides a consolidated reference for clinicians and researchers and underscores the need for further scientific validation, standardization and quality control studies to enhance its clinical utility.

THE 5M PATHWAY TO GRACEFUL AGEING: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH THROUGH AYURVEDA AND YOGA

2026-02-17T17:22:41+0530

Introduction: Geriatric healthcare is increasingly viewed as a multidimensional challenge requiring holistic and integrative strategies. The 5M framework—Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multi-complexity and What Matters Most—provides a patient-centered structure in modern geriatrics. Ayurveda, through Dinacharya (daily regimen), Rasayana Chikitsa (rejuvenation therapy) and Vayasthapana (age-sustaining therapy) interventions, along with Yoga’s multidimensional practices, offers potential contributions to each of these domains. Aim: To propose an integrative framework for graceful ageing by aligning the geriatric 5M pathway with Ayurvedic and Yogic approaches. Objective: To explore how Ayurveda and Yoga principles can address each domain of the 5M model to meet the multidimensional health needs of the elderly. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, PMC, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect, including RCTs, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and study protocols related to Ayurveda, Yoga and geriatric health. Evidence was thematically analyzed and mapped to the geriatric 5M domains. Results: Smritibhramsha (cognitive decline) may be addressed through Medhya Rasayanas (cognition-enhancing rejuvenatives), Dhyana (meditation), Pranayama (yogic breath regulation), and mindful Yoga, supporting the Mind domain. Mobility issues can be improved through Dinacharya practices like Abhyanga (therapeutic oil massage) and Yogasanas (Yoga postures) that enhance flexibility and neuromuscular coordination. Ayurveda’s rational pharmacology and Yoga as a non-pharmacological adjunct may help reduce polypharmacy under Medications. Multi-complexity is addressed through Prakriti-based (individual constitution-based) care and Tridosha (three functional principles) concepts, while Yoga promotes systemic balance and stress reduction. What Matters Most is supported through emphasis on Swasthya Rakshana (health preservation), spiritual well-being, and alignment with patient goals. Conclusion: Integrating the 5M model with Ayurveda and Yoga offers a synergistic, patient-centered framework that may strengthen geriatric care by bridging traditional wisdom with modern healthcare priorities.

AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO TUBAL BLOCKAGE WITH SHODHANA AND UTTARABASTI: A CASE REPORT

2026-01-07T19:50:25+0530

Introduction: Infertility is a multifactorial condition that affects the physical, emotional, and social well-being of women. Tubal factor infertility contributes to nearly 25–30% of infertility cases. In Ayurveda, this condition may be correlated with Vata–Kapha dosha dushti (vitiation of Vata and Kapha) involving the Artavavaha Srotas (channels responsible for menstrual and reproductive functions). Classical Ayurvedic texts describe Shodhana (purification therapy) and Uttarabasti (intrauterine administration of medicated oil or ghee) as therapeutic measures in Vandhyatva (infertility) due to tubal factors.Objective: To document the clinical outcome of Ayurvedic Shodhana therapy followed by Uttarabasti in a case of tubal factor infertility.Case Report: A 28-year-old woman (OPD No. L31203) with primary infertility was diagnosed with left-sided tubal blockage with a slow spill in the right tube based on hysterosalpingography. The patient underwent Virechana (purgation therapy) as Shodhana, followed by Anuvasana Basti and Uttarabasti using Phala Ghrita (medicated ghee) and Kasisadi Taila (herbal medicated oil) administered for three consecutive days per cycle. The procedure was repeated for three treatment cycles along with Mustadi Yapana Basti (medicated enema). Post-intervention hysterosalpingography demonstrated bilateral tubal patency.Conclusion: This case suggests that Ayurvedic interventions, including Shodhana therapy and Uttarabasti with Phala Ghrita and Kasisadi Taila, may have a role in improving tubal patency in tubal factor infertility. The conception outcome remained under follow-up at the time of reporting.